William baxter



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

Paten'd Feb. 6,11888.

JW W 'W (-No Model.)

W. BAXTER, Jr. DYNAMO ELECTRIC; MACHINE.

(No Model.) 2 -Sheets-Sheet 2 W. BAXTER', Jr.

- DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

NO. 271,972. Patented Feb .6,1883.

"w Gsm F;

UNITED STATES WILLIAM BAXTER, JR., OF JERSEY CITY,

JEAN BAXTER,

PATENT OFFICE.

NEWv JERSEY, ASSIGNOR T0 OF SAME PLAOE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 271,972, dated February6, 1883.

pplication filcd April 6, 1882. (No model.)

To all 'whom it 'may conccrn:

Be itknown that I, WILLIAM BAXTER, Jr., a citizen of the United States,residing,` in the city of Jersey City, in the county of Hudson and Stateof New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Im provements inDynamo- Electric Machines, fully described and represented in thefollowing` specification and the accompai'iyingdrawings, forming` a partot' the same.

My improvements consist in an improved construction for the inag'nets,whereby the construction is simplitied, close and expensive fittingsavoided, and a close and more uniform contact secured, with the peculiararmature used; in a special construction for the armature, whereby theuse of thin plates of wroughtiron and their facility for demagnetizationare secnred andoomplicated and expensive ineans of mounting the same areavoided; in the means for mounting` and rotating the armature byclamping its inner circumference between disks of wood or other suitablenon-conductor, the latter being carried and driven by brass platessecnred to the revolving` spindle; in the meansV for removably andadjustably mounting' the magnets upon insulating-standards forsupporting` the brushes obliqnely to the cylindricalcommutator, and inother points of construction.

My improvements will be understood by reference to the annexed drawings,Figure l being an edge view of the machine; li`ig`. 2, an end elevatlon,with one-half in section at the center of the arinature; Fig. 3, anclcvat-ion of one magnet before winding; Fig. 4, an end elevation of amachine constructed with four magnets and three armatures; and Figs. 5and 6, alternative forms for the magnet, the former being hexagonal andthe latter square. Figi. 7 is a plan of the machine, shown in nearlyhorizontal section through the center of the armature on line w w inFig. 2.

A is the bed-plate, formed with an opening` in the middle, into whichthe armature and inag'net partly descend.

B B' are pedestals for the armaturoshaft O.

I) D are brass standards, upon the tops of which rest lugs E, formedupon the opposite sides of the magnets F.

G G are blocks bolted between the magnetl lugs, and a a; are boltssecuring' the blocks to i the tops of the standards.

Z) b are bolts clamping` the lugs and bloclts together.

H is the armature,consisting` of plain rings of thin Sheet-ironseparated by layers of paper or other non-conductor, as at c, andentirely enveloped in the circuitwires i, which are wound radially uponthe mass of insulated plates, and thus lap over one another at the inneraperture of the ring, as seen in the drawing's. The core of the armatureis thus entirely hidden, and the monnting ofthe armature is necessarilyaffected by contact with the wrapping-wires at the interior of the ring.To secure a large surface opposed to the faces of the adjacent magnets,the Sheet-iron ring's are proportioned so as to produce, when wound, afiattened annular armature, somewhat thicker upon its inner than itsouter edge from the piling of the wires t', as desorihed. To inount thesame removably upon the shaf't O, I employ the following construction Iis a brass hub secured to the shaft O, and provided with a fiange, J.Two dislxs of wood, (Z d, are titted over the hub and clamped to thefl'ange J by a loose flange, J', and boltsf. The riin of the woodendisks is turned out concave to fit the inner circle of the armature whenwound with its wires i, and the latter is secured between the edg'cs ofthe wooden disks by removing` one of them from the hub I and placing itoutside the armature when the latter is held against the other disk.Bolt-holes l are formed in the flanges J and J' between the inner circlcofthe armatnre and the hub I, and the bolts can thus be used without anypenetration of the armature-plates or their The loose flange J' and thebolts the wood and arinature firnily in formcd between bindingpressurewrappings. f then bind place, an open joint, h, 'being the wooden dishsto secure a upon the armature.

g g are the wires leading; from the arinature to the oornniuntat-or, the'ormer being' wound in sections, the opposite ends of the severalsection-wires being; connected with the blocks upon the periphery of thecommutator in any desired manner. The wires q are shown led from betweenthe wooden disks to openings j formed in the brass tlange J, and thenceto thecommutatorK,nearthestand orpedestalB'.

The brush-holders L are shown secured to an adjustable swing-bracket, M,iu the usual way; but the slots are shown at lc in Figzl as inclinedtothe axis of the shaft O, and therefore standing ohliquely to the surfaceof the commutator.

The brush K' is also shown, at the righthaud side of the pedestal B' inFig. 7, as

clamped obliquely to the line of the holder,

thus still further 4affectiug the divergence of the brnsh from theI axisof the commutator. nhese arrangements produce an oblique bearing of thebrush upon the blocks of the com: mutator, and secure the desiredcontact with several ot' the latter, and at the same time obviate theformati'on of the commutator with spirally-titted blocks.

The circuit-wires of the magnet F may be preveuted from overlapping uponits inner side by wrapping them in parallel sectious and keeping theirouter ends separated by lugs l, as shown in Fig. 2, either cast upon theperiphery of the magnet or secured thereto. The shape ot' the lugs isfully shown in the said ligure and in the detached view shown in Fig. 3.

The wires g', being wound in the spaces m m between the several lngs,open Channels, w, of tapering shape, are formed 'between the groups ofwires, affordin g passage for air-eurrents generated by the rotation ofthe armature. As the wires upon the armature extend radially, theirprojecting surfaces tend to increase such currents, and thus servetocool the entire machine.

Owing to the construction shown, it is found in practice that no heatwhatever is produced by the rotations or induced electric currents, andit is therefore obvious that the force applied to operate the machine isall effective in generatin g electricity.

The mounting of the magucts upon brass or diamagnetic standards Dsecures the retention of the magnetism iu the disks F, which are sowound that similar poles are produced upon the upper and lower halvesthereof at the opposite sides of each ring. By suitable arrangements ofthe wrapping-wires g' the half of the magnet above the two lugs E isthus converted into a horseshoe-maguet having its north pole at one sideand its sonth ,pole at the other. The lower half is also formed into asimilar magnet having similar poles in contact with those upon the upperhalf. By casting` the ring all on one piece of iron a perfect connectionof such poles'is secured and the neeessity of fine joiuts is avoided.The magnet is thus shown in Fig. 3, but maybe made in halves, ifdesired, to avoid the application of the wire with a loose bobbin, as isrequired with a solid rin'. As each ring is thus complete in itself,there is no need of line connections with the blocks G, the latterserving merely as stationary armatures between the adj-.went maguets. Aseach ring presents but one side to the revolving armature, it is obvionsthat the power of the machine can be increased much faster than the costof its production by lengthening' the shaft O and adding anotherarmature and magnet upon its outer side. As the same commutator can beutilized with such a construction, it will be seen that my constructionpresents especial advantages in augmenting the power of such machineswithoutincreasing the diameter and aggravating the centrifugal forcedeveloped by rotation.

vIn Fig. 4 I have shown a machine thus extended, four magnets F beingshown therein, and three armatures H located between them, and when thusconstructed tures can be used to magnetize all the four magnets and thecurrents from the other armatures employed for other purposes. Such a.machine is especially appropriate for telegraphing, as the variousbreaks in the armature-currents would not occur at the same period ofthe revolution, and the resulting current would be peculiarly uniform.

lt is obvious that the wires from the various sectious of the armaturecan be connected with the blocks upon the commutator in any mannerpreferred, and a current securcd ot' either quantity or iutensity asdesired. Such arran'gements being common, I have not attempted to showany of them specifically hereiu, having merely indicated in Fig'. 7 thecourse of the circuit-wires from the armaturering through the openiugs jto the commutatoryK.

In Fig. 5 is shown au alternative form for the magnet, the viewpresenting merely the flat side of the same with the circuit-wireswrapped thereon. lnstead of eircular ares, the several sectious form asiX-sided figure, which, if used as described above, would be thin andfiat, so as to expose the wires to the armature in the manner described.

In Fig. 6 four sectious are arranged to show a magnet of square outline,and other forms could be used to secure adv antages of manufacture orfacility of winding the Circuit-wires. All these forms would beequivalent to that lirst described if flattened so as to present thedisk-like character desired, as they would all expose the wires to thearmatnre iu substantially the same way and secure the desired intensityin .the magnetic field.

I am aware that in English Patent No. 5,139 of 1878 constructionsresembling mine are shown, and I do not therefore claim a fiattenedannular armature, broadly; but, having devised a construction of moresimplicity than that referred to, and having shown the advantages ofthat construction in retaining the magnetism in the magnets, I considerthe said construction as new. Thus the magnets shown in the EnglishPatent No. 5,139 are constructed to contain a series of polar pointsaround their circumference, and are re-enforced by oylindricalextensions, as is common with such construetions. My construction isfree and in practice results ni profrom all these complications7produces the most satlsfactory one of the armafi' IOO IIO

portiou to the power nte partly applied, which I attribto the fact thatnone of the force is dissipated in theproduction ofheat. I thereforedisclaim the use ot' annular magnets having' such extensions as areshown in said Patent No. 5,139, and all other special features claimedin said patent, my ,improvement in the magnet consisting` iiisimplifying the same to such a degree that there are no parts in theconstruction excepl: the iiattened ring (formed either with or withoutthe lugs Z) and the supporting-lugs for holding),` the. same upon asuitable frame. I am aware that lugs have been used in otherconstructions than mine, and therefore disi'laim them except in thecombination herein shown and claimed.- My construction thereforeconsists iii the use of the flattened annular magnets exclnsively withilattened annular ai'mature, constructed as described.

It will be notieed in Fig's. l and 7 that the thiclrness of the blocks Gdetermines the nearness of the magnets to one another and theirproximity to the revol'ving' armature. As the wires, when wrapped uponeither magnet or Qrmature, vary somewhat in bull: in different machines,these blocks G afford during` the process of construction a veryconvenient means of oompensating1 for such irregularities in thethioltness of the several dislrs. By making the block thiclter orthinner the magnets may be adjusted iu relation to the armature to anydesired degree of proximity, and the force of the magnetism utilized tothe utmost degree.

In Fig. 7 is shown the peculiar construction adapted for the mag'ncts tosecure a uuiform distance between the armature and magnets thronghout,the latter being` dislied or shaped with a suitable concavity beforewinding,` to compensate for the increased thicltness of thearmature-wrappings at the inner part. By

this construction the action of the inducingcurrents upon thearmature-wires is rendered more effective and uniform throughout and thesimple construction and continuous wrapping` of the armatureniaintained.

I am aware that it is not new to malte the armature of wires or thinmetal plates to secure a rapid discharge ofinduc'ed magnetism, a-nd I donot claim the same, broadly; but such plates have herctofore been formedwith projections upon their inner and outer edges, as in English PatentNo. 3,658 of 1878 and United States Patent No. 2-I9,()17, between whichthe insulated circuit wires were wound.

My construction (liifers from these in its extreme simplicity andcheapness, as the plates I use are mere washers. while those heretoforemade have been ofirregular form and required costly dies for theirconvenient production. My construction also diifers from others inhaving' the Sheet-metal core entirely covered by wires uniformly appliedthroughout its periineter, and in having a mounting' applied exclusivelyto its interior opening'tor securingit by means of a friction-clamp tothe central driving-shaft.

I am also aware that it is not new to clamp an armature by means ofbolting devices to the driving'shaft, as such a construction has beenemployed in machines differentfrom mine; rIlhe clamp I employ dit'fersfrom others in havingthe metallic tlanges re-enforced with woodendislts, which serve both to iusulate the armature and to hold it by anelastic grip.

l am aware that armatures have been made with projecting lug's toseparate the coils of wire, as in illaximls patent, No. 228,54, and I donot therefore claim broadly the application of lug's to a magrnet; butin such cases the purpose to be secu red was different from mine, andsuch Iue's were used both upon the inner and onter sides of the armatureand radial passag'es thereby prodnced entirely through the coils for thepassage of air, whereas the lugs are in my construction applied only tothe periphery of the magnet, to compensate for the superiorcircinnfeience of the inagnetls outer cii'cle and to prevent theoverlappiug' of the wires upon the inner circle, and the passage of airin such openings is only an iueidental feature.

l am also aware that an arrangement of brusheshas been made to operatewith parallel sections upon a eylindrical commutator, as in BritishPatent No. 3,9134 of 1880; but in such case the holders were not pivotedin the ordinary braclet parallel with the commutatorshaft, as mine are;noi' had theyau open slot, as K, for the insertion of along and durablebrush; nor was the slot parallel with the sections at the open month andmerely haviugthe brush-bearing` inside the slot at an angle withthejoints between the Sections, like mine, and I therefore regard myform as more simple and cheap in construction.

In a conipound machine constructed with several armatures each armaturemay be used to magnetize its own field-mag'net; or all the armatures andfieldmag'nets may be connected in one circuit. The use of one armatureto inag'netize the whole machine and the production of separate currentsfrom each of the others afford especial advantage in Operating' a largenumber of electric lights, as a small number can thus be connected ineach of the separate circuits from the several armaturcs, and the useofcurrents of high intensity, which tend to prod uce a blue light, bealtoge-ther obviated.

Although the construction I have iuvented has been described herein asif the machine were operated by power for the generation of electriccurrents, it is obvious that it is equally adapted for use as a motor bytransmitting' the current thereto and properly conuecting` theCircuit-wires. In such case the power of a compound machine such as isshown in Fig'. 4 can be modified at pleasure by including two, three, orall of the magnets in the electric circuit, as theppower derived fromthe current would depend upon the number of magnets acting' upon theirincluded armatures. Such a machine may be said to contain a series ofIOO flattened annular armatures and magnets, and, as the same presents apeculiarly econoinioal construction for Operating the machine invatrious modes and with especial effioiency from the intensity of themagnetic field about each armature, I regard the same as both new anduseful.

I am aware that one annular armature has been operated between magneticrinfjs arranged upon both sides thereof, as in British Patent No. 5,139of 1878; but I am not aware that a greater' series of flattened annulararmatures and magnets like that shown in Fig. 4 of my drawings has everbeen constructeil, i and I do not therefore limit myself in such a icoinpound machine to the precise construction herein shown for theseparate elements thereof, but claim my invention as follows:

1. The combination of the armature H with fiattened annular magnetsarranged at each side thereof, as described, the magnets being-` lugs Eand l, and the wires g' being wrapped upon the magnet in parallel`coils, forming,` triangula' air spaces or chaniiels a, substantially asshown and described. i

2. The combination of the tlattened annular i arinature H, constructedof thin plates and eni veloped in the circnit-wires, as described, withthe disks d d. flanges J J', hub I, and shaft (J, the whole arrang'edand Operating,` to rotate the armature with the shaft, substantiall)T asshown and desoribed.

3. The combination, with the two annular magnets formed with Iugs E attheir polarprovided with points, of the adj usting-blocks Gr, and means,as bolts b b, for securing' the magnets together with the blocks betweenthem, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. The combination, with the cylindrical commutator K, having;circumferential sections disposed parallel to its axis, of thebrush-holders L, pivoted iu the hracket M by shanks parallel with theshaft of the commutator and extending from the bracket parallel with thesections thereon, and formed with slots 7a at an angle with thejointsbetween the Sections, subtantially as shown and describcd.

5. The combination, with 'flattened annular armature, wound, asvdescribed, so as to be thicker toward the center, of the flattenedannular magnets, dished or concaved, as described, to secure a uniformdistance between the opposed faces, substantially as shown'anddescribed.

The combination, in a magneto-electric motor or generator, of a seriesof alternate fiattened annular armatures and magnets, the arrangementcontaining two or more armatures having magnets arranged upon both sidesthereof, substantially as and for the purposeI set forth.

In testimony whereof have hereunto set my hand in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

WM. BAXTER, JR.

Witnesses:

Tnos. S. GRANE, WM. BAXTER.

